Northwest Michigan Pheasants Forever
862 West US 10
Scottville, MI 49454
August, 1997 Newsletter
Features:  Wetland Partnerships | Habitat Program Expanding | What Are Warm-Season Grasses?What is the difference between warm and cool-season grasses? |
Why are native grasses important to wildlife?| What are forbs? |

Wetland Partnerships

Technical and financial assistance for wetland restoration projects is available through "Partners For Wildlife", a program administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service. The Fish and Wildlife Service forms wildlife habitat development partnerships with local landowners, Conservation Districts and other cooperating organizations like Pheasants Forever and Ducks Unlimited. The aim of the program is to enhance habitat through the restoration of previously drained wetlands. Restoration may also include the re-establishment of native upland grass and forb species to improve nesting, brood rearing and winter cover for waterfowl, upland game birds and other wildlife species.

Landowners interested in participating in the program should contact the Conservation District office to schedule a site visit to determine project feasibility. If practical, a plan is developed and Habitat Development Agreement is signed. Contractor and materials costs are normally covered 100% by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Seed costs are often covered by other cooperating groups like Pheasants Forever.

Five wetland restoration projects were completed under this program in July. The sites were located in Victory and Hamlin Townships. The Conservation District developed the restoration plans, secured prices for excavation from several contractors, hired a contractor, supervised construction and seeding, and paid the contractor. The landowner is responsible for maintaining the site. Maintenance would include mowing the dikes annually and mowing or burning adjacent grasslands every five years.

Habitat Program Expanding!

Lynda Herremans
Habitat Committee Co-chair

Most of this year's seed distribution took place during Mason-Lake Conservation District's Tree Day on April 18. Fifty individuals (up from 35 in 1996) picked up 150 bags of various seed types for wildlife food and cover plantings. Pheasant Forever plantings this year cover approximately 330 acres (up from 250 acres last year) and include the following acres: corn - 130, forage sorghum - 90, Kansas Mix - 50, Michigan Mix - 30, and switchgrass - 30.

Again this year, the quality of plots varies a great deal. However, the corn looks much better this year. The Michigan Mix, a brand new mix offered by Pheasants Forever in Michigan, looks promising. This food mix includes corn, millet, sunflowers and buckwheat and is best planted next to cover plots. It is very competitive with weeds, making it especially beneficial as a wildlife planting. Weeds again were a problem in many plantings especially summer annual grasses (like crabgrass). These are very difficult to control without residual herbicides. The forage and grain sorghum (Kansas Mix) plots, are very spotty and the look quite short even in the better plots. We will look at these again later this summer to see how they fare. Try to attend our field trip on August 11 and check out some of these plots for yourself! Switchgrass, a perennial, was planted by 8 individuals on 30 acres. Acres enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) made up 14 acres of these new seedings. Switchgrass is slow to establish, although some of the acreage is looking very good already.

It is important to contact me this month at 757-3708 with your seed requests. Our chapter has to have requests to National Pheasants Forever September 1. We will try to provide a variety of seed types depending on what is available to us. We would like to again provide switchgrass and possibly wildflowers but may have to limit these because of the price to the chapter. (Due to high demand, switchgrass went from $3.50/lb. in the spring of '96 to $12.00/lb. in '97! We have not received a price for '98 yet.) Please take the time to fill out and return the surveyenclosed in this newsletter so I will have your requests in hand!

What Are Warm-Season Grasses?

Warm-season grasses, also called native or prairie grasses, at one time grew abundantly over much of the Midwest. There is much interest in re-establishing these grasses because of their many benefits to wildlife. Warm-season perennial grasses include switchgrass, indiangrass, big and little blue stem.

What is the difference between warm and cool-season grasses?

These grasses differ considerably in growth characteristics. Cool-season grasses like quackgrass and smooth bromegrass make most of their growth prior to June 1. If allowed to grow they mature by mid-June. Warm-season grasses make most of their growth after June 1 and do not mature until August. Warm season grasses require a longer period for establishment. They are very deep-rooted which makes them very drought resistant once established. This is one reason these grasses do not appear to be growing their first season - they are putting on growth underground!

Why are native grasses important to wildlife?

Native grasses provide nesting, feeding, loafing and winter cover for numerous wildlife species. The growth pattern (in clumps) produces a higher percentage of bare ground then legume hay fields allowing freedom of movement and providing "dusting" spots for birds. Native grasses provide 2-4 feet of tall, stiff stemmed cover that holds up throughout the winter, even during heavy snowfall and wind. When cutting these warm-season grasses for hay, they are cut in July rather than June as in legumegrass fields, so nesting birds are not disturbed.

What are forbs?

Forbs are wildflowers that are often added to native grass mixtures to provide a food source for wildlife. Insects attracted to them provide a protein source to growing chicks. They also add beauty and color to these plantings.
 
More information on warm-season grasses and their management will be provided in our next newsletter!

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